I begin with an announcement of a make-up class at the Fowler Museum to point out there are various pedagogic spaces, and show a photo of George McLaurin, the first black student admitted to the University of Oklahoma but still seated separately. I resume with some concluding thoughts about Japan, mid-19th century, and the rise of bureaucracy in Japan. Viewing China and Japan, the question that comes to the fore is: What does it mean to be modern? What was a modern woman? At around 10 minutes, I go the main question of the subject today: migration, migrants, refugees, immigrants, people moving around. 7 million Syrians are not living in Syria. Countries complain about them; but Syria itself has a great history of hospitality. Many countries has forced internal displacement -- India and China furnish examples of millions of people so displaced by dam projects. The growth of Delhi, comparing 2019 to 1941, has been phenomenal. The Indian and Chinese diasporas are huge. So our case study of international migration in the 19th century is Indian indentured labor. Why did they emigrate? Did they have any rights? What racial tensions were produced? But the mixing of people didn't just create 'problems'; what emerged were new (and often hybrid) forms of culture, art, literature, cuisine, etc. The Caribbean has produced an extraordinarily rich literature. The indentured laborers were sometimes just given a number; they were stripped of name, personality, individuality. Metrics and numbers start to become hugely important in the 19th century. The other case study is migration to the Americas. The nature of migration changed from the 17th to the early 20th centuries: initially there are people who are of Anglo stock, then we get Germans and the Irish; in the late 19th century, we get Italians; we also start getting Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Indians). We look at some letters written from the New World by emigrants to people back in the old world (Europe). One girl wrote that 'education was free' in America; that is what made it the land of opportunity. We will begin to see the emergence of a middle class in America.
George McLaurin,Modernization of Japan,What does it mean to be modern?,the modern woman,Syrian refugees,refugees in Syria,Forced internal displacement,Indian Diaspora,Indian indentured labor,slavery and sugar,Caribbean as cross-roads,Racial tension in Guyana,Migration to Americas,Immigrants in New World,Middle class in America,free education,
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