All About Deformities in Amphibians (and what causes them)

Have you ever seen a 5-legged frog? How about a toad missing an eye? Abnormalities are becoming more prevalent in wild amphibians, and today I discuss why! In this video learn about the most commonly seen deformities in amphibians, and the primary causes for them. Then learn how you can help amphibians in your backyard! Plus, meet a couple of my rescued malformed amphibians.

Have you seen a deformed amphibian? Report it here:

WORKS CITED
Ballengeé, B. and SK Sessions. 2009. Explanation for missing limbs in deformed amphibians. Journal of Experimental Zoology (Mol Dev Evol) 312B:1-10.
Blaustein, A. R. and Johnson, P. T. J. 2003a. The complexity of deformed amphibians. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1: 87-94.
Blaustein, A.R., Romansic, J.M., Scheessele, E.A., Han, B. A., Pessier, A.P., and Longcore, J.E. 2005. Interspecific Variation in Susceptibility of Frog Tadpoles to the Pathogenic Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Conservation Biology 19(5): 1460-1468.
Densmore, C. L. and Green, D. E. 2007. Diseases of Amphibians. ILAR Journal 48(3): 235-254.
Johnson, P. T. J., Lunde, K. B., Ritchie, E. G., and Launer, A. E. 1999. The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship. Science (Washington D. C.) 284: 802-804.
Johnson, P. T. J., Lunde, K. B., Zelmer, D. A., and Werner, J. K. 2003. Limb deformities as an emerging parasitic disease in amphibians: Evidence from museum specimens and resurvey data. Conservation Biology 17: 1724-1737.
Soto-Rojas C., Suazo-Ortuño I., Montoya Laos J.A., Alvarado-Díaz J. 2017. Habitat quality affects the incidence of morphological abnormalities in the endangered salamander Ambystoma ordinarium. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183573.
Souder, W. 2000. A Plague of Frogs : The Horrifying True Story. Hyperion Press, New York, NY.


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