How do program planners act in their planning contexts so as to get things done? Program planning is a social process of negotiating power and interests (Cervero & Wilson, 1996). How do we define it? Here, the word ‘power’ refers to ‘whose interests is represented, ‘ interests’ refers to ‘which programs are constructed.’ There are five sessions in the topic:
1. The relationships (McDonald, 1996)
When planners get together to work on a project, they form the relationship. Planning is itself a learning process:
1. Participants learn about themselves and one another
2. Planning by definition, changes the situation.
2. What make program planners come together? (Carter, 1996):
1. Work around issues
2. Influence the planning decision
3. Influence each other through actions, interactions and interrelationships.
3. Power relationship (Hendricks, 1996)
“ My actions as a nursing tutor may have appeared to be simple efforts at planning g a workshop for new nursing students. While this was a part of my intention, underneath the surface I was attempting to renegotiate the way the members of NAP worked together, to bring about a collaborative, team-oriented program with maximum student benefit. “
4. What issues and strategies underlie program planning? (Maclean, 1996)
5. Program planning
Other co side rations for the planner to plan programs (Wilson & Cervero, 1996):
1. The ability to negotiate through political and ethical consequences based on interests and powers in constructing educational programs.
2. Be flexible with the situation
3. Be especially particular about the powers and interests that you need to negotiate with, not the technical skills.
4. Be familiar with the reality of the actual practice of the negotiation.
5. Plan with theories
6. Read the situation
7. Be preparing to deal with potential obstacles and anticipate sources of support (‘power’ relationship)
8. Know whom they are responsible to (‘I retests’ refers to both politically and ethically)
References
All the above authors are from the book,
Cervero, R. M. &. Wilson, A. L. 1996. What really matters in Adult Education program planning g : lesson in negotiating power and interests. New Dire ruins for Adult and Ci tuning Education. Issue number 69. SAN Francisco: Hussey-Bass publication
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